Burner



y 1, 1941- Q F. M. POOR 8 BURNER Filed April 18, 1959 l9 L" l BY"Ham-$32:

ATTORNEY.

Patented July 1, 1941 UN"! TE D STATE S PAT E NT 0 F Fl Cl E- 2,247,848Brianna Fred lVLPocr, Seattle, Wash.

Application April 18, 1939, Serial No. 268,497 I (01. 158 -91) 6 Claims.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a gravity feed burnerwithout moving parts which burns fuel oiland the like with the greatestpossible efliciency, and in which the operation and construction thereofare comparatively simple and economical.

Oil burners have been formed of many different types and designs, andmany devices have been used for burning oil by gravity; however, inburning oil by gravity, it is necessaryto v0la tilize the oil, and, atthe same time, supply air at a relatively high velocityin order toobtain the greatest or most efficient combustion. In this construction,the fuel flows to the cone, the level of which is below that of a supplytanlgand the cone, being in the flame, heats the oil'substantially to avapor, and this is passed "downward over a pluralityof 'bafiles, each ofwhichis larger than the one above, and,-at the same time, crowds the airby spiral vanes in, toward the center'so that it causes a swirlingmotion as it combines.

with the oil vapors in combustion.

The object of the, invention .is, therefore, to provide means forobtaining substantiallycomplete combustion of fuel, such as oil, withoutforced feed.

Another object is to provide a casing for fuel burners, the shape ofwhich crowds air through gradually reducing areas increasing thevelocity thereof.

Another object is to provide a method of burning liquid fuel by gravityfeed, in which the fuel is subjected to combustion through a pluralityof stages, thereby making drip substantially impossible.

A further object is to provide a liquid fuel burner in which fuel isburned by natural draft, in which the fuel is preheated in the center ofthe fire before passinginto the fire.

And a still further object is to provide a natural feed liquid fuelburner which is of a simple and economical construction.

With these ends in view the invention embodies a liquid fuel burnerhaving a base forming a collecting pan with a preheating fuel reservoirpositioned directly above the pan, deflecting pins or vanes between thereservoir and pan, and with means crowding air in toward the fins andbase of the reservoir with a swirling motion.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from thefollowing description taken in connection with the drawing, wherein:

Figure 1 is a view showing a side elevation of the burner with partbroken away, showing a f cross section through the burner with thebaflle shown in full.

Figure 2 is a plan View showing the under side of the cover.

Figure 3 is a 'view similar to that shown in Figure 2, showing a burnercover of an alternate design.

Figure 4 is a cross section through the cover shown in Figure 3.

In the drawing the burner is shown as it may be made, wherein numeral lindicates the base, numeral 2, the cover, and numeral 3, the oilreservoir or cone,

The base I is preferably made with a fiat bottom 4 having upwardinclined sides 5, forming a circular member representing an invertedfrus trum of a cone, and the cover 2 has an outer cylindrical wall 6,with the lower. end open and with the top 1 slopingdownward toward anopening 8 inthe center. The under side'of the cover is provided witha'plurality of vanes 9'positioned as shown in Figure 2 so that they willcause a swirling action of air passing therethrough, and it will benoted that, as the top of the cover slopes downward toward the centerthe'area is decreased, and this causes a movement of air contrary to anatural movement and as the hot air is forced to pass downward, andthrough a restricted area the velocity thereof is increased so that, asit passes out of the ends of the vanes, it has the appearance of passingout of a jet. As the air passes upward into the cover 2, it strikes theheated surface on the under side of the top I, and this with the hotvanes 9 raises the temperature and volume of the air, and with theslanting surface crowding it downward causing it to pass through therestricted openings at the ends of the vanes with relatively highvelocity.

The baffle is formed around a fuel supply pipe is which extends upwardthrough the center of the base, and the upper end ll extends into thevertex of the cone 3 slightly below the normal oil level, as indicatedat I2. Hubs l3, having radially extending fins l4 forming baflles, areplaced on the pipe l9, as shown in Figure 3, which not only hold thefins I4, but also protect the pipe ill, and it will be noted that thediameter of the fins l4 gradually decreases so that the fins at the topare considerably smaller than those at the bottom. The cone 3 issubstantially closed, so that, as the oil flows upward therein to thepoint 12, it will become heated and will then pass outward throughopenings IS in the lower part of the cone and trickle downward over thefins M, being distributed thereover in a thin film and, consequently,readily ignited.

The base may also be provided with an overflow connection 16 whichextends upward to the point H, and this is provided with a fitting I8having a clean out plug l9 therein. It will be understood, however, thatan overflow connection of any type may be provided, and this may bearranged in any manner.

The device may be placed upon a grate in a furnace, and, with the fuelsupplied through the pipe H3, it will pass upward into the cone 3, andthen drop downward through openings 15 upon the upper one of the finsl4, and. then will continue to drop downward from fin to fin until it isentirely ignited, The air rushing in toward the center from the cover,as indicated by the arrows 28, as hereinbefore described, Will pick upthis fuel and combine with it, forming complete combustion.

This burner may be made to fit a stove or furnace of any type or design,and, in Figures 3 and 4, a rectangular design is illustrated, in Whichthe cover 2|, similar to the cover 2, is provided with a sloping top 22having vanes 23 on the underside thereof which lead the air to a centralopening 24. The base 25, may also be of the same shape, if necessary,and the baflles or fins may be placed in the center as shown in Figure1.

It will be understood that changes may be made in the constructionwithout departing from the spirit of the invention. One of which changesmay be in the use of other means for forming the cover, another may bein the shape or design of the member 3, and still another may be in theuse of other means for mounting or forming horizontal fins or baffles.

The construction will be readily understood from the foregoingdescription. In use the device may be provided as shown and described,and may be installed as a unit in a furnace or upon a grate in a stove,furnace, or the like, although it will be understood that it may be usedfor any purpose. The pipe Ii] may be connected to a supply tank whichmay be located at any point preferably slightly above the burner, andthe valve of this pipe may be set so that a very small amount of fuelwill be fed to the burner, and the fire may readily be controlled by theamount of fuel supplied, This device is adapted to operate withsubstantially any crude or Diesel oil, or the like, and it will be notedthat substantially all of the fuel will be burned.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. An oil burning device comprising a vertically positioned centralmember having a plurality of slanting horizontally positioned radiallyextending fins thereon, a preheating fuel reservoir above said finsadapted to drip oil upon said fins, a surrounding chamber having a coverwhich slopes downward toward the center with an opening at the center,arranged to direct the flow of air therethrough toward the said fins,and a base upon which the said fins are mounted.

2. An oil burning device as described in claim 1, characterized byspirally positioned vanes on the under surface of the cover of saidsurrounding chamber.

3. An oil burning device as described in claim 1, characterized in thatthe fins are provided in layers, with each layer on an independent hubforming a section of said central member.

4. An oil burning device as described in claim 1, characterized in thatthe fins are in layers with each superimposed layer smaller in diameterthan the layer below.

5. An oil burning device as described in claim 1, characterized in thatthe base is provided with an outwardly sloping wall, the upper edge ofwhich is spaced from the under surface of the cover of the surroundingchamber.

6. An oil burning device as described in claim 1, characterized in thatthe fuel reservoir comprises an inverted hollow conical member withoutlet openings around the lower end.

FRED M. POOR.

